Graves Disease Essay -- Graves disease Biology Essays

Graves Disease The disease was first noted in 1786 by Caleb Hillier overreach 1755- 1822, physician from General Hospital, Bath, England. His account was published posthumously in 1825. and Graves disease is named after the Irish physician who described several cases in London Medical Journal in 1835. Graves disease is also know as Parrys disease. In Europe, the disease is known as Basedows disease. It is the most customary cause of thyrotoxicosis (the morbid condition due to over body process of the thyroid gland).The disorder has three major manifestations Hyperthyroidism with diffuse goitre Ophthalmopathy and Dermopathy The three manifestations need not appear together. Indeed one or two never appear, and moreover, the three whitethorn run courses that argon by and large independent of one another.Graves disease can occur at either age but is unusual before puberty. It most commonly affects the 30 to 50 year age group. The disease is more frequent in women, the ratio of pred ominance in women may be as high as 7 1.Genetic factors play a role. There is an crosstie between the disease and the genes HLA ( human leucocyte antigen) B8, -DRw3, -Bw36, -Bw46. Indeed, a 50% concordance is strand between similar twins. This means that if one individual in an identical pair of twins is afflicted with Graves disease, the likelihood of the other sibling attack down with Graves is 50%.Being an autoimmune disease, at that place is a clinical and immunologic overlap between Graves disease and other diseases with prominent autoimmune features. These include Hashimotos thyroiditis, pernicious anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE), rheumatoid arthritis ( RA), insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus ( IDDM), and Addisons disease.Thyroid hormones are important mediators of growth and differentiation. The absence of which leads to cretins in childhood. The hormones are also responsible for(p) for the regulation of the various metabolic pathways which are vital fo r life. They are requisite for the normal function of many organ systems.In the thyroid gland, two-fold follicles make, store and release thyroid hormones into the surrounding capillaries. These little vessels then channel the hormones to the rest of the body where they are needed.Thyroid hormones refers mainly to two hormones T3 and T4, which are single, amino acids containing iodine. They are p... ...tient is willing to take replacement Thyroxine for life, the simplest come out may be the use of radioiodine. There are arguments for and against giving radioiodine to children and new-made persons who plan to have children. Previously, clinicians are unwilling to advise its use infra the age of 45. This restriction is now rapidly being laxed as there is no convincing evidence that there is significant increase in the incidence of cancers occurring in adulthood secondary to its usage. Radioiodine can ensure that mothers are not taking anti- thyroid drugs during gestation perio d and breastfeeding. Therefore, an argument can be made for using this treatment method for all age groups bar when pregnant or breastfeeding.Relapse of Graves disease after medical therapy may be managed with a second course, but at this point radioiodine is preferred. During pregnancy and breastfeeding periods, PTU ( propylthiouracil) appears to be the safest drug to use. And surgery is advised in cases with the presence of meeter suspicious nodule.Each of the 3 major treatments ( anti- thyroid drugs, surgery and radioactive iodine) has their own advantages and disadvantages compared to the others.