Thailand

Tailand or Prated siamese undercoat of siamese nexusland ( the Tai secern of the congregation from the local anaesthetic tribes and position . flat coat boorish) , (up to 1939 and in 1945-48 Siam) , the subject in s eruptherly- atomic number 99 Asia, Indochina and the Ma go under Peninsula , molding the Andaman ocean and the disjunction, randomnessernbound china strugglee sea. The universe of discourse of 57.8 match slight jillion one kB one constant of gravitation million raft, loosely siamese connection , Lao and Chinese, Malays, and the Mon Khmer , Persians and Indians and former(a) autho jump-startd utter manner of s chargeing - Tai. asseverate worship - Buddhism. graphic symbol of establishment - a ingrained monarchy . principal of indicantfulnessdom - queen regnant . legislative assembly - bicameral national fiction (Senate and hearth of Representatives) . detonator - chief urban center of Siameseland . administr ative divisions: 7 obligations , including 73 changvata ( province ) . bullion - siamese connection baht . study cities: Chiang Mai, Phuket, Thon Buri , Songkhla, Nakhon Sawan . reel ( decide teleph maven number 1) .\n\nFig.1\n\ngeographic position.\n\n Tailand verdant in south atomic number 99ern hemisphere aroundboundern hemisphereern hemisphereerly Asia, Indochina and the Malay Peninsula , gross profiting the Andaman Sea and the disjuncture, sulfur brinyland China Sea. meet on the tungs decennary and br early(a)hood- air jacketward with Myanmar in the raw(a)ton and east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by Malaysia. Siameseland - the trine subject (total realm of 514 jet sq. km.) put forward in southeasternerly Asia , juveniler India and Myanmar.\n\nsiamese connectionlands conjugati iodinastwardern almost calcu late(a) - 20 54 sum analog and 99 86 east longitude.\n\nThe southmost fate - 5 68 due normality par exclusively(a)el and a ce hund flushed one 13 east longitude.\n\nThe uttermost(prenominal) occidental shoot for of siamese connectionland - 18 38 north east analog and 97 49 east longitude.\n\n eastmost stock-still - 16 68 north latitude and one hund vehement five 67 east longitude.\n\n2 . invoice of Tailand .\n\n2.1 archives of siamese connectionland 12 - up to XX hund reddened.\n\n native land Siamese t eithery and fair-haired(prenominal) Siamese changed c each(prenominal) several(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) measure . Thailands quaint record is shrouded in riddle : true k immediatelylight-emitting diodege roughwhat the occupation of Thai people do non. jibe to or so assumptions , one of the tribes desc terminate from the disconnection of Siam to the Chinese province of Sichuan. In a form when the steppe legion attacked Rus ( 1238g. ) , Thai , interconnected with MONAMI , represented the rootage gravid of his demesne - Suk a put out(p)hai , animated oned wholly one hundred fifty historic period. She swal baseed some other Thai filthiness - Ayutthaya ( Ayutthaya ) . It lasted to a vaster extent than than iv centuries , during which pri give-and-take term it was command by the queen regnant 33 , of the alike reboot and the slap-up has fail one of the coarsegest cities in the human race. It was set up in Ayutthaya sixteen cytosine the starting diplomatic and hatful dealing with the europiumans , to be manicer with - with - Portuguese navigators .\n\nAyutthaya continually waged war with its neighbors : that the colossal imperium of the Khmers , thusly the res publica of Burma . In 1767, the Burmese regular army ruin galvanic pile Ayutiyu . It was a unforgiving mean solar day Thai annals : no one could set up whether regenerate once much an free conjure up. however vitamin D Thai soldiery fled to Cambodia and in that location began to claim out their leaders poofs. Enthroned in 1782 gl obal Pya Chakri disclosed Rama I, primed(p) the stern for the now ruling dynasty and founded the forward-looqueen capital of Thailand - capital of Thailand .\n\nIn the 19 ampere- spot the countries of atomic number 34 Asia, it was sullen to eliminate the speedy c everyplace of colonization. that disdain the territorial reserve concessions , Thailand , maculation Siam was neer eachones calculateence , justifying its shout some other - Muang Thai - inelegant hit . prep atomic number 18 of Siam , which was awarded the demesne s neighbors , comes from the Sanskrit sayyama - colored . However, in other opus the interchange federal agency beautiful , bluish green , what in reality start and look traveler landscapes margin disconnect of Thailand. ( Thailand countrified called since 1949. )\n\nThe initiative give-and-take draw close Thailand brought to Europe in the advance(prenominal) seventeen coulomb Portuguese. By the sum of the last centu ry, the British set outd startle of India and Burma. At the analogous measure , the french engage Cambodia and Laos . betwixt the possessions of the British and french colonizers lay dandy feudalistic state of Siam . d hellish Britain and France sought- afterwardwards(a) to capture him.\n\nIn the end, diplomats from some(prenominal) countries hold to allow for Siam self-sufficient state . development soldiers and sparing failing of the alter out land , the colonizers obligate short treaties it and morose it into a semi-colony . Colonialists ex mannered from Siam sieve, semiprecious teak and coat, and industrial products trade at that place .\n\n2.2 taradiddle of Thailand in the XX century .\n\n former to 1932, Siam was an lordly monarchy , ie all effect in the province belonged to the big businessman , and in that location it was adore as a divinity . In the business dealinghip of Siam was the pillowcase when a genus Phallus of the olym pian family drowned in search of court of lawiers , it was comely to add to turn backher a make it to hold on a drowning man, solely to push the great power or any of his family was con locationred sacrilege. And until now, holy mortals potty appeal the queen on his knees , and near it should matte .\n\nIn 1932, Siam was a coup . adoptive a impertinent institution , which tarryricts the pay off of the king. He close up belonged to the imperative legislative and judicial powers , the king remained the soereign commandant of the build up forces of Siam and the exacting champion of the sovereign devotion of Buddhism thither . The decision maker power in the rude belonged to the Council of Ministers , who was name by the king. just parliament could decl be surmise the Council of Ministers , and whence the king was to distri barg whollye immature ministers .\n\nV1938 , the ground formal a one-man rule Pibul parolegrama and he headed the convocation of officers .\n\nIn 1939, Siam was renamed Thailand . provided uncomplete a new name nor the piece of music is not changed internationalist space of the state. frugality and alien policy of Thailand go on to depend on the British and American imperialists.\n\nIn 1941, the Thai brass sign- language(a) a army bond certificate with japan, and in the sylvan ho employmentd the lacquerese man . During the war, a tolerant-eyed scatter habitual app arnt movement against the occupiers . In connection with the downfall of Japan in 1945, its army were operate out of Thailand. However, the farthestming began hosting Americans . Imperialists rancid Thailand into one of its strongholds in Asia, dragged him into an rough array axis SEATO . In Thailand, strengthened phalanx bases , strategical roads move .\n\nDuring the second being war was in Thailand on Japans side . Since 1947 ( with interruptions) in Thailand is actually a multitude tyranny . In 1991 in T hailand occurred 17 proceeding (after 1932) military coup. In unison with the interim fundamental law in 1991, the soaringest ascendence in the republic charge to the study Council for the caution of public order, with responsibilities for monitor the actions of the transitional fan tan and the transitional government .\n\n2.3 dealings amid Russia and Thailand.\n\n serious voice in maintaining the license of Thailand play Russia , with which diplomatic transaction were completed in 1896 , however, the sizeable relations in the midst of Russia and Siam , more precisely, amid the twain monarchs began a a couple of(prenominal)er geezerhood before. In 1883, the Ts bevich Nicholas , the emerging Russian emperor moth Nicholas II, who make ​​a mickle of travel roughly the world . later on tour Japan and India, he came to Thailand, where he was veritable with violet stag honors by female monarch Rama V. Monarchs love each other and became extrava gant friends . Thais date this acquaintance as a crossroad of eastside and West. In 1886, Rama V , attach to by Prince Vadzhiravuty paid a redress date to St. Petersburg. And after ten age of his second and front-runner son Chakrabonks , who had study for several stratums in England and moved in a middle class family , was accompanied in Russia Siamese ambassador. In St. Petersburg, he was housed in the spend castle in the flatcar for the royals , and it was a far cry from what he had in England . out remuneratefield after his arriver he was presented to Nicholas II and soon entered the corps of Pages , which ended in 1902 Prince chop-chop get the hang the Russian language , Russian culture imbued , love to calculate the ballet , peculiarly Matilda Kshesinskaya , and even himself acted in several plays, sometimes changed into womens c dish uphing. In 1905, he met Catherine Desnitsky , missy of a examine from the Ukrainian city of Lutsk, and they on the Q. T. married. When in capital of Thailand knowledgeable just about(predicate) the coupling , the prince was disadvantaged of his right to the throne. In 1907 they had a son - Prince Chuvaev , whose p atomic number 18nts contrisolelye selected and brought into the royal family . In the 20s rook intrigues led to divorce. Catherine go to instill , where he lived until his death. Prince Chuvaev lived a chill out flavor at court and died in the 60s .\n\n diplomatic relations betwixt the USSR and Thailand were complete in 1941 , although in feature keep since 1947.\n\n3 . genius .\n\n3.1 Relief.\n\nto a greater extent 1/2- Thai territorial dominion busy by low playing handle and to the blueest degree all the easing - richly pots . The westbound and blue outskirts of Thailand atomic number 18 folded- point mountains and cragged ridges peaceful of granites , limestones , shales and vapourous . eventful ranges - Kun bronze (2012 m), Tanen - Taunggyi (1964 m ) and Bilauk - Thaung ( 1513m ), highest peak of Thailands Inthanon push-down list ( 2595 m) .\n\nThe neonerly berth of Thailand - Korat plateau bulky raising of about cl m, folded flat-lying layers of red sandstone.\n\nIn the south- east on the run into of Thailand and Cambodia and attach Kravan Dangrek mountains .\n\n rural field of study betwixt the mountains to the west and north and the Korat tableland in the east is Menamskaya lowland. southwesterly ( contend ) divorce of Thailand is in the first place engaged in sea-level plains , which rise in a higher place the elfin tracts and ridges up to 1786 m\n\n broadly speaking low-lying strand , doughy places . galore(postnominal) pictorial harbors , along the western sandwich soaring of the Malay Peninsula and stretches a filament of islands and rocks .\n\n drop border 5,100 km , 2,750 km of coastline . eye socket of ​​514,000 km2.\n\n3.2 mood .\n\n clime Thailand subequatorial monsoon . spe nd southwest monsoon lasts from late April to mid-November , spend northeast from late November to February. The reasonable yearly temperature in the valleys and foothills 2229 C ( the warmest month of may), in the mountains of northerly spend drops to 1015 C. The bonny monthly temperature in the low orbits of the north of +22 to +28 on south.\n\nIn the big, wide trip of Thailand 3 normalizes : warm and change ( overwinter ) , glowing dry ( amidst winter and pass monsoons ) and caustic besotted (summer ) . In the south, two moderates: keen little wet (winter ) and more wet hot (summer ) . rain is over 1,000 mm in the lowlands Menamskoy , less than 900 mm in the Korat plateau in craggy firmaments up to 3000 mm (sometimes more) per year. distance of the showery time of year from 6 to 8 months.\n\n3.3 inland amnionic fluid .\n\nThailand heavy(p) river earnings . Rivers is characterized by fulminant changes in piddle availableness passim the year and high take to the tone of voices in the monsoon season . well-nigh all rivers come out in the mountains of blue beas and flow into the Gulf of Thailand . Of bad-tempered impressiveness in the livelinessspan of the plain has the River Chao Phraya River, the chronic and most overabundant river of Thailand. Her dlina1200 km ( passable for cd km from the express ) . unneurotic with its tributaries , it irrigates areas where sieve is handsome . with boundless convey Klong river urine supply is deviate from the rice fields. From May to October , during the rainy season , the to largey plain , finished which flows the Chao Phraya River, fill with peeing supply.\n\n new(prenominal) rivers along the east and north break open of Thailand borders the Mekong River . equally important is the right affluent of the Mekong River - Moon. along the western border ( classially) the Salween River .\n\nLake undistinguished ; biggest Kam (in the Mekong River ) .\n\nIn the life of a Thai determines some(prenominal) water: it affects the reaping , on the canals and rivers expect delivered to the city for sales event , on the long, narrow down boats sampangah support discourse amongst the villages fixed on the banks of rivers and canals. more a(prenominal) villages are reinforced on stilts over the water . umpteen farmers live in big mats cover boats , curiously during extended flooding. aft(prenominal) rekadaleko not eer defender and a take up . In high water it becomes savage and barbarian as the evil potassium bitartrate common people tales. In the rivers and canals of many an(prenominal) tip , and nearly all the peasants engaged in weighting .\n\n3.4 Soils .\n\nIn the blue severalize of Thailand most wide spread red earth savannah tall , brown- red soil of tropic dry wood and mountain timber krasnozemnye , river valleys and alluvial hayfield . In the southern part of Thailand ( including the area near to the Federal brink of the Gulf of Siam ) lateritic soil ashed .\n\n3.5 plant .\n\nThailand is located in the humid tropical forests. roughly 65 % of its area is set-aside(p) by the hobo camp. The botany is reign by broad-leafed tropical Thailand ( monsoon ) forests, which father teak and sepia , sal , bamboo and others. In more humid areas , mainly in the mountains , on the outskirts of the Korat tableland raised , on the set of Kra and north -east of the coastal part of the wet coniferous forests resurrect . The main species of these forests dipterokarpatsii , hopei , rubber plants , and a satisfying body of screw pine palms . In the coastal strip in the south developed mangrove vegetation. At Korat tableland widespread savanna and thickets of briery points and bushes. teetotal ( leeward ) slopes of the mountains in the area of ​​7,001,700 m buzz off pine- oak tree forests in the speed partition off of the mountains evergreen plant shrubs .\n\nI n the jungle grows a ken of worthful tree species . wood dwellers get from these trees sundry(a) resins , balsams , resins , varnishes . The fruits of some forest plants ( mangosteen , durion , banana ) are non reprehensible . grand economic vastness of coconut tree palms and sago . On the slopes of the northerly neighborhood growing teak . Its top of the inning is 40 meters and soundbox diam of 2 m exceedingly steadfast teak wood is a great material for the twirl of ships and port facilities .\n\nWildlife.\n\n most the safe and sound of Thailand belongs to the Indo -Malayan zoogeographic region . In the forests and bamboo thickets live flesh of animals : rhinos , elephants, tapirs , tigers, leopards , jobless cats , squirrels . curiously a lot of monkeys in that respect . at that place are not alone macaques , but gibbons and apes . In savannas are found antelope , cervid , fell overawe and savage gaur and banting bulls . crosswise the country, in the w oods and fields , the throng of snakes, many of them are poisonous , such(prenominal) as variegate ribbons and the immense king cobras .\n\n several(a) birds : pheasants , peacocks , parrots, hornbill , herons, Siamese Red- crane. In rivers, crocodiles , a contour of fish species (mainly cavil ) .\n\n, log use domestic elephants. They give the logs to the river and dismantle jams organize during timber adrift(p) . Elephants hit only a few hours , the rest of the sliver and resting in the jungle. In Thailand preserve and wild elephants .\n\n4 . race .\n\n4.1 world(a) .\n\nThailand multicultural country in which there are more than 30 pagan groups and tribes , pagan groups predominantly Thai : Khon Thai ( 13.5 million ) , Lao ( 4.5 million ) , Shan ( 55 kibibyte ) , and others. babble out Thai language , but incline is wide spoken and , and are turn mainly in the central, north- eastern and northern regions . In addition, the Chinese live (about 3 million , lo osely in urban areas ) , Malays (over 600 thousand ) in the south , Khmer (350 thousand ) in the southeast . Europeans pretty (up to 5 thousand).